New format of k factor extracting from excel files in. Protective coating, variation in the alloy and thickness as well as many other factors all add up to give you bend deductions which are unique to your processing methods. Sheet metal k factor what is it and how to measure it. K factor depends on material composition and percentage of carbon contents. Rub a piece of standard chalk along the teeth of the file before using it. The sheet gets plastically deformed without change in thickness. Why you should chalk a metal file the family handyman. Kfactors, yfactors, and press brake bending precision. Using k factor for sheet metal flat blanks vortarus. For air bending, bottom bending, and coining, 60 presented a method to determine k ba reversely. It is necessary to set up a default attribute for sheet metal such as bend radius, k factor etc. I have found, for most sheet metal parts that i model, this is a suitable value to set this variable to, the other initial setting to take note of is the setting labeled k factor. We discuss those along with springback, bend allowances k factor and design tips. The location of the neutral axis varies and is based on the materials physical properties and its thickness.
Most sheet metal shops will produce their own bend tables by physically bending test pieces to specified angles and taking accurate. The paint program can help you make new image files, but it cannot open document or pdf file. It finds application in varied industries such as glass cutting, sheet metal layout and fabrication, wood working, building panel, carpet, pcb, acrylics etc. Jun 14, 2020 what is the k and y factor in sheet metal. The k factor approximations given below are more likely to be accurate for air bending. If you gain the correct k factor, your precise bending will be ensured. In practical terms, its just a generic bend allowance to use when you dont know the process or machine that is going to be used to bend the sheet. Or y factor in the case of proe where y factor k factor. Similar to other metal forming processes, bending changes the shape of the work piece, while the volume of material will remain the.
The k factor is fundamental to designing precise sheet metal. K factor a constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. Bending calculations using kfactor, bend deduction, and bend. After bending the sheet we need to do some measurements as shown in figure 2. Add or edit a sheet metal unfold rule inventor autodesk. In this article we will discuss sheetmetal bend deduction, bend allowance, k factor, y factor and sheet metal flat pattern calculations. For instance right now in solidworks for say 11 ga sheet metal i use a bend radii of 0. By michelle rae uy 24 january 2020 knowing how to combine pdf files isnt reserved. The bend deduction is the amount the sheet metal will stretch when bent as measured from. The solidworks application also comes with a k factor bend.
Sep 28, 2015 in sheet metal, there is a powerful bend constant known as the kfactor. Here i show the principle of the k factor in sheet metal design. When metal is bent the top section is going to undergo compression and the bottom section will be stretched. In this article we will discuss sheetmetal bend deduction, bend allowance, kfactor, yfactor and sheet metal flat pattern calculations. Values for angles not defined within the table are calculated using a backup kfactor select bend table as the unfold method. Using the offset solid tool combined with the edit sheet metal bend and add sheet metal bend tools provides a quick way to make perfect lance.
One of the fun things about computers is playing with programs like paint. Read on to find out just how to combine multiple pdf files on macos and windows 10. Calculate k factor, bend allowance and y factor for sheet metal bending. Nov 26, 2006 determining bend lines on sheet metal parts hi, im having trouble figuring out how to effectively use the sheet metal drawing features of alibre. May 26, 2020 sheet metal bending and forming is not always going to be the same in each fabrication shop. Named sheet metal unfold rules allow the definition of three types of unfold methods.
The k factor method is a versatile way of calculating sheet metal flat blank dimensions. This is a basic guide to the main processes involved in sheet metal bending. Sheet cutting suite is a nesting software for generating optimized layouts and reducing scrap generated by 2 dimensional rectangular cutting processes. Getting an online bending quote is very easy, you just have to upload your step files. Sheet metal bending design tips, bend allowance, k factor, etc. Sheet metal kfactor, bend allowance and flat length calculations.
You can find the first article in this series by clicking here of all the mathematical constants in precision sheet metal fabrication, the k factor stands out. Sheet metal operations bending and related processes. T t k factor t t the only truly effective way of working out the correct bend allowance is to reverse engineer it by taking a measured strip of material, bending it, and then measuring it. The coating will help to keep the file from clogging up. The prebent material would have this black area which is formed into the bend.
Mar 02, 2009 the k factordepends on the material, the type of bending operation coining, air bending. Kfactor a constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. Sheet metal bending design tips, bend allowance, k. By using the correct k factor and knowing other components of your model you can determine length of bend allowance using the given formulas.
You can specify local neutral factor for every bend you create in sheet metal env. The k factor allows you to calculate the bend allowance, the outside. A printable pdf version of this information is available here. While sheet metal bend the part shows one side red color and another side green color what is the meaning of red color and green color. Apr 25, 2018 kfactor a constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. The fineart of sheet metal bending engineeringclicks. So if the thickness of the sheet was a distance of t 1 mm and the location of the neutral axis was a distance of t 0.
When unfolding, if a bend radius or angle does not correspond to a specific entry, a process interpolates between adjacent values in the table. Bending calculations using kfactor, bend deduction, and bend allowance from the course. How to set up sheet metal gauge tables engineers rule. Relationship between bend deduction, bend allowance, and k factor. Mathematically k factor value is equal to the ratio of position of neutral axis and sheet thickness. To calculate yfactor, you should multiply kfactor by pi and divide the result by two. Bend radii and k factors for 304 stainless steel sheet. Sheet metal k factor, bend allowance and flat length. Ive chosen the bend options to give me an inside dimension of 2.
Experimental and numerical investigations of sheet metal. In the sheet metal industry one of the most important stages in m anufacturing is the accurate. The position of the neutral bend line or neutral axis decides the length of the flat part. To help us understand what this variable is for we will now look into the theory as regards to what happens to a piece of sheet metal when we bend it. This video shows the new format of k factor extracting from excel files in sheet metal. Hello, againanother one of the project, which also had got to have some wow in it. I find that if i need accuracy on acute bends or hems, especially in thicker material, its best to make some test bends using the same tools that will be used for production and calculate a bend. When a piece of metal is being formed, the inner portion of the bend compresses while the outer portion expands see figure 1.
Sheet metal unfold rule equations ketiv technologies. Dr walts quick guide to keycreator sheet metal tools part 2 11 our final task is to click on the boolean union icon. Knowing the ins and outs of bending sheet metal takes more than matrix mind skill. Mar 15, 2019 please refer to the files for determining k factor for your process. Often bend allowances are calculated for a sheet metal part and used to. This article explains what pdfs are, how to open one, all the different ways. K factor is a ratio that represents the location of the neutral sheet with respect to the thickness of the sheet metal part. Figure 2 illustrates the sheet that is bent with the bend angle of 90 degrees. Typically neutral axis is at the center of the sheet metal. Set the unit of measure in the unit row of the bend table. Oct 17, 2020 in reality, how a real metal part will stretch as it bends depends on a number of physical factors tooling, material homogeneity etc. This is one of the lessons of my course about solidworks solid, sheet metal and weldments mo. We have already designed the formed part and need to know the overall dimensions as well as the location of the bend.
The only truly effective way of working out the correct bend allowance is to reverse engineer it by taking a. It seems the most basic value while calculating bending allowance ba and bending deductions bd. When you select k factor as the bend allowance, you can specify a k factor bend table. Dr walts quick guide to keycreator sheet metal tools part 2. Sheet metal bending is the plastic deformation of the work over an axis, creating a change in the parts geometry. The analysis is focused on sheet metal bending at high temperature that is a promising method for. Many cad programs, however, also work out bend allowances automatically by using k factor calculations. To combine pdf files into a single pdf document is easier than it looks. Bending is a manufacturing process that produces a vshape, ushape, or channel shape.
If your scanner saves files as pdf portbale document format files, the potential exists to merge the individual files into one doc. Bend allowances are calculated using a k factor as follows. Determining bend lines on sheet metal parts alibre forum. All bend table types bend deduction, bend allowance, and k factor. There are also some specialty versions of snips that are helpful for specific cuts. You can use the tools in paint to add something to a different document. The value of k ba is usually estimated by adopting some recommended design values. The sheet metal wall thickness the sheet metal default bend radius the bend allowance bend deduction of the sheet metal specified in k factor by configuring and utilizing a sheet metal gauge table, we can speed up the process of selecting the correct wall. Bendangle 180 thickness using this method will produce the most acceptable results other than by using a bend table. Pdf bend allowance constants for use in sheet metal forming.
The kfactor is defined as a constant that is greater than 0 and less than 1. Dec 10, 2019 finding yfactor for sheet metal bending youll need the kfactor to find the yfactor. For more information on the format of solidworks bend tables, click here. All units of measure meters, millimeters, centimeters, inches, and feet. It is worth noting that in older versions of inventor, the format supported by inventor assumes that the. Sheet metal bending is a very useful skill to know about if you do a lot of diy repair to your vehicle or home. Here are some useful resources on sheet metal fabrication, as well as other resources related manufacturing if you want to delve deeper. Notice that the righthand portion of the dialog box updates to provide an. Learn what a k factor is in sheet metal forming, learn how k factor is used, and learn how to calculate k factor in this video. It ultimately allows you to estimate the amount of stretch without knowing what type of material you are bending. Depending on the type of scanner you have, you might only be able to scan one page of a document at a time. To calculate y factor, you should multiply k factor by pi and divide the result by two. The kfactor in sheet metal working is the ratio of the neutral axis to the material thickness. An oversized pdf file can be hard to send through email and may not upload onto certain file managers.
The location where solidworks reads these tables from is set in options system options file locations. You may learn how to use customer formular from the readme file. When sheet metal parts are unfolded using the k factor to calculate the developed length, this can be captured and driven using the advanced feature parameters. The sheet metals are initially received as rolls and cut into plain blankets and then formed into desired shape using above mentioned processes mainly bending and stamping. So finally, a full metallic chair, made from a single curved sheet of metal, was the re. In sheet metal, the kfactor is the ratio of the neutral axis to the material thickness. Jun 22, 2011 this is a great 9 page pdf entitled bendworks. The k factor is a key basic concept in solidworks sheet metal design and must be understood in order to learn sheet metal design and fabrication well. Calculating bend allowance, bend deduction, and kfactor.
This means it can be viewed across multiple devices, regardless of the underlying operating system. Sheet metal k factor user modification coming from a manufacturing environment, one thing that i see often is that a. K factor is used to determine the required bend allowance. The y and k factors affect how the part stretches when transitioning from a flat pattern to a finished piece so it is important to understand their values. Using the bend table unfolding method, sheet metal parts unfold using empirical values that are measured or derived and applied to specific bend angles within the table. Our solidworks experts can setup your environment so that your team uses a comprehensive set of. Pdf is a hugely popular format for documents simply because it is independent of the hardware or application used to create that file. It makes manufacturing very difficult and manual labour may be needed. This is the second part of a series covering the variables that affect the k factor value in bending.
Nov 08, 2012 dear all, i required answers for the following questions. K factor is the ratio of neutral axis location to the sheet metal. Grain direction can play a role, but it is usually a much smaller contribution. So, basically, over here under the sheet metal folder,at the very top, right click,and click on edit feature. Pdf on jul 4, 2007, achilles vairis and others published bend. K factor and y factor in sheet metal both look at how bending affects the material and how much bending the metal will allow. Many cad programs calculate the bend allowance by using k ba or y factor in the case of proe, where the y factor is k bap 285. The line where the transition from compression to stretching occurs is called the neutral axis. A pdf file is a portable document format file, developed by adobe systems. Pdf file or convert a pdf file to docx, jpg, or other file format. Mar 01, 2005 tight bend radius gradual bend radius k factor effectively 50%t max.
In sheet metal design, the kfactor is used to calculate how much sheet metal one needs to leave for the bend in order to achieve particular final dimensions, especially for between the straight sides next the bend. Bend deduction of hems and fudging the kfactor solidworks. K factor is the ratio of neutral axis location to the sheet metal thickness. The k factor is the ratio between the distance from the neutral layer to the bent inner. The biggest variation in fabrication comes from the material thickness itself. Luckily, there are lots of free and paid tools that can compress a pdf file in just a few easy steps. From there we can calculate the k factor and the bend deduction. And you can see over here,weve got this bend allowance checkmark already turned on. How is the k factor used to calculate the flattened length in sheet metal flat patterns. Calculating bend allowance, bend deduction, and k factor. Commonly used equipment include box and pan brakes, brake presses, and other. Tool ribbon toolbarattributes step 01 choose the sheet metal attribute button step 02 set up the parameters as follows figure2 sheet metal attribute for k factor, it is allowed to gain the value in different ways.
Analyzing the kfactor in sheet metal bending the fabricator. Good sheet metal design goes beyond basic guidelines and considers the type of sheet metal fabrication process, material, finish, fastening, and tailors all these factors to the specific function. Use the known kfactor and the known inner bending radius to calculate the bending radius of the neutral line. During sheet metal part bending, the inside bending. K factor or bend deduction is highly dependent on the type of bending air or coining, width of vblocks, and the material and its hardness. Inventor also supports using a bend table to apply specific bend deductions to bends of specific. What is the k factor used in sheet metal processes k factor.
As long as you put the right bend deduction, bend allowance, or k factor in to solidworks. When sheets of metal bend, the top surface compresses and the bottom expands. Joe, kfactor tends to be pretty reliable once youve determined what works for what youre doing and how youre doing it for bends up to about 5 with an id of at least material thickness. I extensively work on sheet metal and i use the value k factor 0. Understanding bend allowance your inventor sheet metal parts will use a bend allowance. The importance of debugging product manufacturing information and proofreading cad documents. K factor in sheet metal bending is a constant used to calculate sheet metal flat length or flatpattern.
Solid edge also provide customers an ability to specify neutral factor from customer formular. You can generate flat patterns by unfolding sheet metal features using a uniformly applied. They come in handy for knocking down rough spots after maki. Begin a new part using a sheet metal specific template file. Calculate k factor, bend allowance and y factor for sheet. Kfactor calculator easy and effective solidworks forums.
The kfactor is the ratio between the distance from the neutral layer to the bent inner surface and the thickness of the sheet metal. Dec 27, 2016 the bend allowance bend deduction of the sheet metal specified in k factor by configuring and utilizing a sheet metal gauge table, we can speed up the process of selecting the correct wall thickness based on gauge value and selecting the correct bend radius based on available tooling. Kfactor calculator for sheet metal bending smlease design. Meboost employs the k factor method to calculate flat blanks in two directions.
A sharp 90 bend means that the material must go all the way to the corner while the radius bend cheats the corner. If a customer brings a design to my shop for fabrication, i often see that the developed pattern is incorrect and must make adjustments in house to produce the results they desire. The k factor is the most important and elusive variable of bending, because it varies both as a function of the material and according to parameters such as angle and tooling. Cutting most sheet metal materials requires nothing more than a pair of tin snips, but there are some tricks to making straight and smooth cuts. Bending is a forming operation in which a sheet metal is subjected to bending stress thereby a flat straight sheet is made into a curved sheet. Since the inside compression can not exceed the outside tension, the k factor can never exceed. K and y factors make metal bending more precise without damaging the material. In sheet metal, there is a powerful bend constant known as the k factor. In sheet metal, the k factor is the ratio of the neutral axis to the material thickness. The boundary inside the metal between these two is the neutral radius. Sheet metal fabrication is the process of forming parts from a metal sheet by punching, cutting, stamping, and bending. Pdf the study of design constants in sheet metal forming. How to create a custom solidworks sheet metal bend table.
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